Vacuum Applications
Each guide explains the process, the pressures involved and the pumps that suit it, and links the calculators you need to size the job.
HVAC Evacuation: Pulling a Deep Vacuum
How to evacuate an HVAC/R system: removing air and moisture, why 500 microns, decay tests, hose and pump tips, and the physics of boiling water out.
Vacuum Distillation
Vacuum distillation lowers boiling points to protect sensitive products: choosing the pressure, the delta-20 rule for rotavaps, industrial columns and pumps.
Freeze Drying (Lyophilization) Under Vacuum
How freeze drying works: sublimation below the triple point, chamber and condenser pressures, ice vapour pressure, drying phases and the right vacuum pumps.
Vacuum Furnaces and Heat Treatment
Heat treatment in vacuum furnaces: bright surfaces, brazing, sintering, typical pressures, partial pressure, gas quenching, pumps and leak-up rate tests.
Vacuum Pressure Impregnation (VPI)
Vacuum pressure impregnation for windings, porous castings and wood: evacuation, resin flooding, pressurisation, curing, typical pressures and pumps.
Vacuum Sewer Systems
How vacuum sewers move wastewater with air pressure instead of gravity: interface valves, the vacuum station, typical pressures, pumps and where they fit.